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Evidence Review

Wearables Research

33 PubMed-cited studies reviewed. Health rings, fitness bands, and continuous glucose monitors.

Studies & Evidence (33)

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Ungaro CT et al.Sensors (Basel)(2026)

Disconnection Between Self-Reported Wellbeing and Heart Rate Variability from Wearables.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Liao X et al.Eur J Med Res(2026)

Continuous glucose monitoring in non-diabetic populations: a systematic review of observational and interventional studies with meta-analysis.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Grosicki GJ et al.Int J Sports Physiol Perform(2026)

Wearable-Derived Sleep and Physiological Metrics Are Associated With Performance in Professional Golfers.

Smart ring accurately tracks activity, sedentary time, and physiological signals

Stark C et al.Trials(2026)

Lifestyle physical activity coaching in outpatients with major depressive disorder (PACOUTPAT): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial on physical activity, depression, and quality of life.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Ibrahim AH et al.Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback(2026)

"The More You Give the Wearable, the More It Gives You": How Regular Exercisers Navigate Exercise Using Wearable Devices.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Hung SH et al.PLoS One(2025)

Validity of heart rate measurements in wrist-based monitors across skin tones during exercise.

Oura Ring demonstrates high accuracy for sleep staging vs. PSG reference standard

Khan S et al.OTO Open(2025)

The Oura Ring Versus Medical-Grade Sleep Studies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Griffith FJ et al.J Med Internet Res(2025)

Oura Ring Behavioral Feedback Intervention for Alcohol Reduction in Young Adults: User Experience Evaluation of a Pilot Randomized Trial.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Perrone K et al.Am J Surg(2025)

Physiologic readiness and subjective workload of performing operations: A prospective observational study of attending and trainee surgeons.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Spetz L et al.Sports Med Open(2025)

Validating Subjective Ratings with Wearable Data for a Nuanced Understanding of Load-Recovery Status in Elite Endurance Athletes.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Wilczek F et al.Sensors (Basel)(2025)

Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Patients Without Diabetes: Use in Cardiovascular Prevention-A Systematic Review.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Chiumello D et al.Acta Diabetol(2025)

Continuous interstitial glucose monitoring in diabetic and non-diabetic critically ill patients is simple and accurate: comparison with venous, arterial and capillary glucose measurements.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Ahmed N et al.Cureus(2025)

Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Non-diabetic Individuals for Cardiovascular Prevention: A Systematic Review of Its Impact on Guiding Lifestyle Interventions.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Lu Y et al.Natl Sci Rev(2025)

A pretrained transformer model for decoding individual glucose dynamics from continuous glucose monitoring data.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Gupta P et al.Diabetes Res Clin Pract(2025)

Optimising obesity management: integrating continuous glucose monitoring with GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Bretonneau Q et al.Int J Sports Physiol Perform(2024)

Accuracy of Heart-Rate-Recovery Parameters Assessed From a Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmography Monitor (Polar Unite).

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Ibrahim AH et al.Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback(2024)

Exploring Regular Exercisers' Experiences with Readiness/Recovery Scores Produced by Wearable Devices: A Descriptive Qualitative Study.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Pojednic R et al.JMIR Form Res(2024)

Intensive, Real-Time Data Collection of Psychological and Physiological Stress During a 96-Hour Field Training Exercise at a Senior Military College: Feasibility and Acceptability Cohort Study.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Worth C et al.Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)(2023)

Continuous glucose monitoring for children with hypoglycaemia: Evidence in 2023.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Bretonneau Q et al.Int J Sports Physiol Perform(2023)

Parameters Influencing the Accuracy of a Wrist Photoplethysmography Heart-Rate Monitor (Polar Unite) During Exercise.

Oura Ring demonstrates high accuracy for sleep staging vs. PSG reference standard

Lee T et al.JMIR Mhealth Uhealth(2023)

Accuracy of 11 Wearable, Nearable, and Airable Consumer Sleep Trackers: Prospective Multicenter Validation Study.

Smart ring accurately tracks activity, sedentary time, and physiological signals

Niela-Vilen H et al.Comput Inform Nurs(2022)

Comparison of Oura Smart Ring Against ActiGraph Accelerometer for Measurement of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in a Free-Living Context.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Hoevenaars D et al.JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol(2022)

Accuracy of Heart Rate Measurement by the Fitbit Charge 2 During Wheelchair Activities in People With Spinal Cord Injury: Instrument Validation Study.

HRV from wearables effectively tracks recovery state and training readiness

Taylor JB et al.Int J Sports Phys Ther(2021)

Incorporating Internal and External Training Load Measurements in Clinical Decision Making After ACL Reconstruction: A Clinical Commentary.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Giggins OM et al.Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc(2021)

Accuracy of Wrist-Worn Photoplethysmography Devices at Measuring Heart Rate in the Laboratory and During Free-Living Activities.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Kobayashi M et al.J Phys Ther Sci(2021)

Accuracy of wrist-worn heart rate monitors during physical therapy sessions among hemiparetic inpatients with stroke.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Hoog Antink C et al.Sci Rep(2021)

Accuracy of heart rate variability estimated with reflective wrist-PPG in elderly vascular patients.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Fechner E et al.Nutr Res(2020)

Diet-induced differences in estimated plasma glucose concentrations in healthy, non-diabetic adults are detected by continuous glucose monitoring-a randomized crossover trial.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Ye L et al.Acta Diabetol(2020)

The impact of shift work on glycemic characteristics assessed by CGM and its association with metabolic indices in non-diabetic subjects.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Zhu L et al.Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc(2018)

Improved Heart Rate Tracking Using Multiple Wrist-type Photoplethysmography during Physical Activities.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Jarchi D et al.IEEE Trans Biomed Eng(2017)

Towards Photoplethysmography-Based Estimation of Instantaneous Heart Rate During Physical Activity.

Wrist-based PPG provides acceptable HR accuracy during moderate exercise

Fukushima H et al.Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc(2012)

Estimating heart rate using wrist-type Photoplethysmography and acceleration sensor while running.

CGM in non-diabetics reveals personalized glycemic responses to foods

Cameron FJ et al.Curr Diabetes Rev(2010)

Measuring glycaemic variation.

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